Short answer: Most foreign nationals need a work permit to work in Canada. An employer-specific permit ties you to one employer, while an open permit lets you work for almost any employer. Rules change often, so confirm your situation with Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC).
This guide is general information, not immigration advice.
Who can work without a work permit?
Canadian citizens and permanent residents can work for any employer. Some temporary residents, including many international students, are allowed to work under conditions printed on their study permit.
What are the two main types of work permit?
| Type | Who you can work for | Typical route |
|---|---|---|
| Employer-specific | Only the employer, job and location named on the permit | A job offer, usually supported by a Labour Market Impact Assessment or an exemption |
| Open | Almost any employer in Canada | Programs such as post-graduation work permits, working holiday programs, and permits for some spouses and partners |
What is an LMIA?
A Labour Market Impact Assessment is a document an employer may need before hiring a foreign worker. It shows that no Canadian or permanent resident was available for the job. The employer applies and pays for it. A worker should never be charged for an LMIA.
How do you find employers willing to hire from abroad?
Be realistic: most employers hire people who already have permission to work. Those that do recruit internationally tend to be in fields with shortages, such as health care, skilled trades, agriculture, trucking and technology. Say clearly on your application what your work status is.
How do you avoid job offer fraud?
- No one can guarantee you a job or a visa.
- Do not pay anyone for a job offer.
- If you use a paid immigration representative, check that they are a licensed consultant or a lawyer in good standing.
- Be wary of offers that arrive without an interview.
Where is the official information?
Eligibility, fees, processing times and work-hour limits are set by IRCC and are updated regularly. Use the IRCC website as your source, and read our guide to a first job in Canada once you are able to work.
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